The working principle of the wall-insulation methods and of the wall-drying apparatuses, which work with electromagnetic or other similar energies, is often very hard to understand by the experts in technology because the description of these methods does not entail the wall-drying process.
Till now the presentation of the different methods, like the functional description of the AQUAPOL apparatus, has mainly focused on obtaining energy from the gravitational-magnetic field of the Earth. The gravitational and magnetic waves are similar to the electromagnetic waves – but the electric component is missing, which is replaced by a gravitational component of a different structure. The acceptance and use of such a method was made difficult also by the fact that the apparatuses installed earlier – due to their systems of antennas detuned in the meantime – proved to be inefficient, which created a feeling of uncertainty among the experts in technology, as well as among the users. 
The complexity of the mechanism of wall-drying with the use of gravitational and magnetic energy consists in the fact that the energy necessary for the functioning of the AQUAPOL apparatuses is obtained from the gravitational-magnetic field of the Earth through a special system of antennas. However the possibility of obtaining the energy from the gravitational-magnetic field of the Earth is still not completely clarified from a scientific point of view. As an alternative energy source we can use the energy of the surrounding space for the consolidation of this system.
Different experiments prove the existence of this type of energy. 

The functional mechanism of the electromagnetic wall-insulation methods 

In order to be able to understand the subsequent wall-insulation methods, we have to clarify certain fundamental physical and chemical concepts because without these neither the phenomena from the capillary system, nor the working principle of the insulation technologies will be entirely clear.
The working principle of the wall-insulation methods is based on the interaction silicate surface – fluid. In the masonries that are in contact with the humid soil, the water and the dissolved saline solution rise in the tubes of the capillary system due to the surface tension. 
The surface tension of the water derives from the attraction between the water molecules, which is formed through the interaction from between the hydrogen bond and the van der Waals-dipole (fig. 1). 

Fig. 1 The structure of the water molecule and the forces that act on the water molecules

The hydrogen bond: The hydrogen bond is formed between the water molecules due to the fact that the strong electronegative atom (e.g. O) attracts the electron of the hydrogen, which is in a covalent bond with the former, the electron being replaced by the free electron of the oxygen from the neighboring water molecule. 
Being in contact with the water, the building materials (brick, stone, concrete) become damp. The extension of the humidity depends on the surface tension of the water and the adhesive forces on the silicate surface. During the humidification and adhesion process the water adheres strongly to the solid surface as the adhesive force is much stronger than the cohesive force from between the water molecules. 
The adhesive force: the attraction between the wall material and the water molecules, which appears first between the oxygen of the silicate materials and the hydrogen of the water molecules; just like the cohesive forces, it consists of the absorption through hydrogen bridges and the interaction of the electrostatic dipole. 
On the surface of the silicate building materials first of all there are OH and O₂ ions, as the less polarizable Si⁴⁺ ions, the strong electric field of which increases the surface energy much better than that of the easily polarizable O₂ ions, withdraw from the surface.
Due to this process a relative surplus of electric charge appears on the surface of the silicates, that is an electric field is formed, in which the ions (+) and the polar molecules can be absorbed. We can say that the building materials have silicate polar surfaces, on which the water molecules adhere in a controlled way (fig. 2). 

Fig. 2 The binding of water molecules on the silicate surface 

The water molecules, which adhere strongly to the silicate surfaces, being continuously joined with new surfaces and forming thus a thin fluid layer, rise in the capillary tube pulling thus the water molecules of the entire liquid column after them through the transmission of the cohesive forces. This is the capillary suction effect (fig. 3). 

Fig. 3 The rise of the fluid in the capillary tube 

The height (h) of the absorption of the fluid depends first of all on the diameter (r) of the capillary system. And if the contact angle is J>90º, then the value “h” is negative and the water will be pushed from the capillary tube. This phenomenon is the capillary depression. 
The mechanism of wall-drying through porous plasters is based on the aforementioned physical phenomena; for lack of a small-diameter capillary system the plaster does not lead the moisture from within the wall to the surface, it will be eliminated in the form of vapors through the inner large-diameter pores. The surface stays dry and salt-free as long as the evaporation area of the water is in the deeper layers of the plaster. Of course after the evaporation of the water, the dissolved salts crystallize in the pores and thus the evaporative effect diminishes in time. This process can be elongated very efficiently through the treatment of the wall with chemicals that transform the salts, as well as through the application of an appropriate prime coating for the storing of salt crystals. 
In the case of chemical wall-insulation methods certain liquids are injected into the masonry, the agents of which, spreading throughout the masonry material, alter its system of pores. In the case of those methods where cement sludge is used, the pores get clogged and the capillary absorption of the water is thus interrupted, while in the case of the method where silicone is injected, the agent, which adheres strongly to the wall of the capillary, increases the contact angle J above 90º and thus the capillary rise becomes descent, that is the so-called capillary depression is formed this way.
Naturally an inappropriately (unprofessionally) executed liquid-injection, when only a part of the pores is blocked or the agent is applied only on one side of the surface, involves the risk that in the restricted capillary system the water level will rise above the original level. 

The working principle of the electrokinetic wall-insulation methods 

The humidity absorbed in the capillary system of the building material evaporates on the wall surface, owing to which a continuous water flow forms in the walls. As a dissolved saline solution, the damp from the capillaries contains positively and negatively charged ions.
The walls of the capillaries of the silicate building materials absorb the positively charged ions (Na⁺, H₃O⁺) dissolved in the ground water much better than the negatively charged ions (Cl^-, OH^-), and thus the electric neutrality is interrupted on the surface of the solution. 
In the capillary tubes, along the capillary wall a layer of the slowly moving liquid – due to the strong adhesion to the wall - of the thickness (S) of a molecule remains in a fixed state, this being the “Stern” adhesive layer. The fall of potential at its boundaries is the electrokinetic potential (x-zeta) (fig. 4). 

Fig. 4 The formation of the electrokinetic potential on the wall of the capillary

In the liquid layer of the thickness of a molecule, which is strongly adhering to the wall, a concentration of positive ions is formed, which gives a surplus of positive charge to the damp surface. The electrokinetic methods use this phenomenon in the drying of walls – due to the external difference of potential the liquid is in motion, it’s streaming in the capillary system.
According to the explanation of this phenomenon, under the influence of the external power source, the (adsorbed) cations that adhere weakly to the wall surface (e.g. Na⁺, H₃O⁺) are moving in the direction of the cathode (-) and because of the cohesive and frictional forces from between the molecules they transport the liquid as well (fig.5). This is the electroosmotic water flow, during which the water is moving in the direction of the negative pole. 

Fig. 5 The action mechanism of the electroosmotic water flow 

The electrokinetic wall-insulation methods are also suitable for the salt elimination from the walls, based on the principle that the ions of the salts with high contents of sulfates, nitrates and chloride ions, in the electric field with constant current, migrate in the direction of the electrodes built within the walls (fig. 6).

• The cations that migrate to the negative electrode (cathode): Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ (are carbonated)
• The anions that migrate towards the positive anode: Cl^-, SO₄^2-, NO^3- (are hydrated)

After the fall of the salt concentration, the humidity becomes a diluted solution and the process continues in the form of the electroosmotic drying of the walls. 

Fig. 6 The working principle of the magnetokinetic drying of the walls 

The working principle of the AQUAPOL apparatus (hypothesis) 

If we increase the number of the absorbed H⁺ ions in the liquid layer that strongly adheres to the wall of the capillary, H₂ gas will appear. Through this gas layer of the thickness of a molecule the adhesive force decreases between the water molecules, which leads to the interruption of the capillary suction force, that is capillary depression is formed and the water withdraws into the soil (fig. 7). 

Fig. 7 The formation of capillary depression in the capillary 

The number of H⁺ ions increases owing to the AQUAPOL apparatus through the eliberation of H⁺ ions from the H₃O⁺ hydroxonium ions absorbed on the silicate surface through the transfer of the microwave energy at the 1421 MHz frequency. This is the basic frequency of the hydrogen (H₂) molecule and corresponds with the wave length of 21 cm. 

Fig. 8 The formation of a H gas layer on the wall of the capillary 

According to the inventor of this system, Wilhelm Mohorn, the apparatus is a transmitter-receiver with microwaves, which gets its energy from the gravitational-magnetic field of the Earth and its resonant coils, that is the (radiant) coils of the transmitter-receiver participate in the induction of the electric field (fig. 9). 

Fig. 9 The image is an illustration, the simplified model of the basic structure of the apparatus 

The apparatus can capture the radiations from the gravitational-magnetic field of the Earth and through its transmitter antennas it can diffuse a part of these radiations onto the damp wall in a polarized manner and at the 1420 MHz frequency. The main component elements of the AQUAPOL apparatus, as a passive transmitter-receiver, are 1 energy detecting coil, 3 transmitting (deflecting) coils and the resonant cavity formed between them (inductor generator), the task of which is to polarize the gravitational-magnetic energy waves.
The transmission-reception parts are connected through a coaxial supply line, which also corresponds to a microwave resonator. The antennas attached to the polarizer are tuned for the 1420 MHz resonance frequency. 

Developing the installation of the AQUAPOL apparatus 

The AQUAPOL apparatuses installed earlier – because of an incomplete diagnostic test on the buildings – had often been inefficient. It happened many times that in a building with damp-proof course the installed apparatus was damaged during use. The antennas of the apparatus broke off during cleaning or the painting of the room. Although all these defects amount to only 5% of all installation works, their number still became quite significant. 
In order to eliminate the above mentioned deficiencies, the distributor from Hungary developed the installation of the AQUAPOL apparatuses as follows:

1. Through the continuous development of the necessary instruments they managed to rectify the diagnostic test carried out on the buildings before the insulation works and the technical conditions for surveying the building.
2. They organize theoretical and professional training courses for experts in the installation of the apparatuses in the centers from Hungary and Austria.
3. They replaced the apparatuses that could get easily damaged with modern and less risky installations. The production of earthed apparatuses that had to be installed on the floor was stopped and since 1997 only modern apparatuses with inner antennas have been installed.
4. Putting in operation smaller, printed AQUAPOL apparatuses that work independently of the anomalies of earth radiations is currently in progress.

Thanks to all these changes the number of complaints regarding the installation of the apparatuses dropped to 1%.

Written and edited by:
Dr. Orbán József  

Download .pdf